Analysis of Occupational Accident Sources in a Construction Project: A Case Study of the Pulokulon-Jambon Road Project

Abstract

Occupational accidents remain a critical concern in road construction because construction activities involve heavy equipment, construction materials, changing workplace conditions, and continuous interaction between workers and machinery. This study aims to identify occupational accident types, accident sources, severity levels, and work-stage patterns in the Pulokulon–Jambon Road Improvement Project, Grobogan Regency, Central Java. A descriptive quantitative case-study design was employed, involving 15 project personnel selected through purposive sampling based on their direct involvement in construction activities. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and complemented by direct observations, semi-structured interviews, and project documentation. The data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, and mean values to characterize accident occurrence across time, type, source, severity, and construction stages. The findings show that accidents occurred most frequently in the afternoon, accounting for 46.7% of recorded cases. Slipping was the dominant accident type at 33.3%, while slippery or uneven road-surface conditions represented the largest accident-source category at 33.3%. Construction materials and heavy equipment each contributed 26.7% of the identified accident sources, whereas work equipment accounted for 13.3%. Minor accidents dominated the severity distribution at 66.7%, followed by moderate cases at 26.7% and severe cases at 6.6%. The findings provide project-specific evidence supporting targeted OSH improvement through workplace-surface control, material organization, PPE compliance, safe work procedures, and heavy-equipment interaction management.