Analysis and Structural Design of a 35-Meter-Span Steel Truss Roof System (Truss Frame)
Keywords:
Bolted Connection, Deflection, ETABS, FEM, Steel Truss Structure.Abstract
Steel truss systems are widely applied in long-span buildings because their interconnected structural members provide efficient load transfer while enabling large column-free spaces. This study aims to analyze and compare the structural performance of a 35-meter-span steel truss roof system with roof slopes of 15° and 40°. The evaluation considers maximum compressive force, maximum tensile force, structural deflection, member capacity, critical connection capacity, and estimated design cost. Structural analysis was conducted using ETABS, with loading based on SNI 1727:2020 and steel member design based on SNI 1729:2020, while critical truss connections were evaluated using a Finite Element Method (FEM)-based analysis. The structure employs BJ37 steel with a yield strength of 240 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 370 MPa, together with ASTM A325 bolts. The 15° configuration produced a maximum compressive force of 245.613 kN, tensile force of 273.233 kN, and deflection of 43.661 mm, whereas the 40° configuration produced 248.547 kN, 196.852 kN, and 28.028 mm, respectively. Both alternatives satisfied the member-capacity and critical-connection requirements, with PPM Ratios below 1.00. The 40° configuration reduced maximum deflection by approximately 35.8%, while the 15° configuration achieved a lower design cost of Rp2,367,220,436.88 compared with Rp3,108,334,653.83 for the 40° configuration. The findings indicate that roof-slope selection requires balancing structural stiffness, force distribution, safety, and economic efficiency.
Downloads
References
Aswadi, L. S., Yuwana, D. S. A., Wajdi, B. A., Bhanuwati, A., & Daffa, R. (2026). Effect of steel truss configuration on bridge structural strength and seismic response. Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, 28(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v28i1.47805
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2020a). SNI 1727:2020: Beban desain minimum dan kriteria terkait untuk bangunan gedung dan struktur lain. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2020b). SNI 1729:2020: Spesifikasi untuk bangunan gedung baja struktural. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2020c). SNI 7972:2020: Sambungan terprakualifikasi untuk rangka momen khusus dan menengah baja pada aplikasi seismik. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Bathista, M. D., Sulasmono, R. I., & Risdanareni, P. (2024). Optimization of hanger spacing of steel arch bridges using dynamic loads. INERSIA: Informasi dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur, 20(1), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v20i1.67074
Boukhalfa, D., Belaid, T., Slimani, A., & Ammari, F. (2024). Analytical model for buckling length coefficient determination in steel trusses: A lateral torsional buckling approach. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering, 20(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2024-20-2-141-154
Cai, Q., Ma, J., Xie, Y. M., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025). Topology optimization of trusses considering global stability and member buckling. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 226, 109205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.109205
Cui, Y., Yang, X., Liu, H., & Yamada, S. (2022). Seismic behavior of steel space truss connections to reinforced concrete supporting columns. International Journal of Steel Structures, 25(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/13694332211062331
Dao, N. T., Chu, T. H. A., & Chu, T. B. (2025). Thermomechanical buckling and postbuckling of steel trusses with initial load and length imperfection. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.70045
Elhout, E. A. (2024). Effect of beam-column connection types on the response modification factors of steel frames. International Journal of Steel Structures, 24, 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-023-00805-4
Hui, C., Jiao, Y., Liu, M., & Hai, R. (2023). Investigation and analysis of stress and deformation monitoring of long-span steel roof trusses. Buildings, 13(2), 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020398
Iyama, J., Ou, C. C., Yamada, S., Chiba, K., & Toyoshima, M. (2023). Shaking table test of steel truss frame focusing on acceleration and strain response for post-earthquake buckling evaluation. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 21, 2759–2783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01633-x
Kusuma, K. A. T., Nindyawati, N., Sulaksitaningrum, R., & Muhammad, D. F. (2025). Structural performance optimization of multi-story steel frames with Split-K EBF bracing system configuration. INERSIA: Informasi dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur, 21(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v21i1.78431
Laksana, N. Y., & Kardiman. (2022). Proses produksi H-beam dengan proses welded beam di PT. Gunung Raja Paksi Tbk. Jurnal SIGMAT Teknik Mesin UNSIKA, 2(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.35261/sigmat.v2i1.6750
Li, P., Zhao, X., Ding, D., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Ke, L., Zhang, X., & Jian, B. (2023). Optimization design for steel trusses based on a genetic algorithm. Buildings, 13(6), 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061496
Lu, C., Yang, Z., Li, P., Xu, Q., Chen, L., & Zhang, C. (2022). Integral sliding of a 800 T steel roof truss for a cultural and art center building. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17, e01345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01345
Mohamed, E. M., Hani, S., Elemam, H., Elbelbisi, A., & Elsisi, A. (2025). Performance of CFS trusses self-drilling screws connections under extreme loads. Structures, 74, 108592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108592
Nursani, R., Al Huseinny, M. S., & Hidayanto, H. (2026). Comparative analysis on structural behaviour of steel structure using different types of bracing due to dynamic earthquake loads. INERSIA: Informasi dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur, 21(2), 240–250. https://doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v21i2.85479
Paronesso, M., & Lignos, D. G. (2022). Seismic design and performance of steel concentrically braced frame buildings with dissipative floor connectors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 51, 3505–3525. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3733
Setiawan, A. (2015). Struktur baja: Metode elemen hingga dan analisis struktur.
Song, W., Liu, H., & Yu, H. (2024). Probabilistic evaluation method of wind resistance of membrane roofs based on aerodynamic stability. Buildings, 14(12), 3725. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14123725
Utami, R., Keintjem, M., Suwondo, R., & Altaee, M. (2025). Comparative analysis of space truss and conventional truss systems in long-span structures: Performance and material efficiency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1564(1), 012031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1564/1/012031
Yao, X., et al. (2025). Design and implementation of health monitoring system for an airport terminal building with a large-span truss steel structure. Buildings, 15(18), 3308. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15183308
