An Experimental Study on the Use of Teak Wood Ash and Bengawan Solo Sand as Filler Additives in Asphalt Concrete – Wearing Course (AC-WC)
Keywords:
Asphalt Concrete–Wearing Course (AC-WC), Bengawan Solo Sand, Filler, Marshall Test, Teak Wood Sawdust Ash.Abstract
Asphalt Concrete–Wearing Course (AC-WC) is the surface layer of flexible pavement that directly receives traffic loads and is exposed to environmental conditions. This study investigated Bengawan Solo sand as a partial aggregate substitution and teak wood sawdust ash as a filler in AC-WC mixtures. The study aimed to evaluate their effects on Marshall characteristics and determine the optimum combination based on the 2025 Bina Marga General Specifications. An experimental laboratory method was employed using 60/70 penetration grade asphalt, aggregates conforming to the specifications, Bengawan Solo sand substitution levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%, and teak wood sawdust ash contents of 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2%. Marshall testing was conducted to determine stability, flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), Void in the Mix (VIM), Void in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), and Void Filled with Asphalt (VFA). The results showed that the 2% Bengawan Solo sand substitution group consistently satisfied the specified Marshall requirements. The optimum mixture was P2A0.4, consisting of 2% Bengawan Solo sand substitution and 0.4% teak wood sawdust ash, with VIM of 4.42%, VMA of 22.26%, VFA of 80.14%, stability of 850.80 kg, flow of 2.62 mm, and MQ of 323.50 kg/mm. The highest stability value of 965.34 kg was obtained from P2A1.2, while the lowest value of 818.08 kg occurred at P3A0.4, with both values remaining above the minimum stability requirement of 800 kg. These results indicate that Bengawan Solo sand substitution and teak wood sawdust ash addition can provide favorable Marshall characteristics when their proportions are appropriately controlled, with P2A0.4 demonstrating the most balanced overall performance among the investigated mixtures.
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References
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