The Application of Preventive Maintenance to Improve Heavy Equipment Performance in Construction Projects
Keywords:
Availability, Downtime, Heavy Equipment, Preventive Maintenance, ProductivityAbstract
Heavy equipment is one of the most critical resources in construction projects, directly influencing project completion in terms of schedule, cost, quality, and operational efficiency. Intensive equipment utilization increases the risk of mechanical failures, making systematic maintenance essential to ensure continuous operation and minimize unexpected disruptions. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Preventive Maintenance (PM) in improving the operational performance of heavy equipment used in construction projects. An empirical quantitative case-study approach was employed using operational records, maintenance schedules, equipment operating hours, downtime data, and maintenance documentation collected from the Nakau–Taba Mulan Road Landslide Reconstruction Project, Central Bengkulu Regency, Indonesia. Equipment performance was evaluated using key maintenance indicators, including Availability, Reliability, Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), Productivity, and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). The findings indicate that systematic preventive maintenance significantly reduced equipment downtime while increasing operational availability, reliability, and productivity. The heavy equipment achieved an Availability of 98.90%, a Reliability of 96.00%, and an Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of 92.03%, indicating world-class operational performance. These results demonstrate that preventive maintenance is an effective maintenance strategy for enhancing equipment reliability, improving operational efficiency, reducing emergency repair costs, and supporting the successful execution of construction projects.
Downloads
References
Akbar, J., Sari, J. I., Putri, D. A., & Lentera, A. P. (2024). Strategi Efektif dalam Perawatan Alat Berat untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Operasional. Natural Resources and Enviromental Management, 2(1), 1-7. https://ejurnal.unikarta.ac.id/index.php/nrem/article/download/1783/1337
Ami, A., & Siallagan, M. (2026). Optimizing the Number of Mechanic Crews and Heavy Equipment Replacement Rule Options to Reduce Heavy Equipment Unplanned Downtime, Enhance Heavy Equipment on Running, and Maximize Profit at PT. XYZ’s Construction Project. EKOMBIS Review: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 14(1), 595-612. https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v14i1.8352
Assauri, S. (2016). Manajemen Operasi Produksi. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Aulia, D., & Putri, R. A. (2025). Application of Total Productive Maintenance in Heavy Equipment Maintenance Information Systems: Penerapan Total Productive Maintenance pada Sistem Informasi Pemeliharaan Alat Berat. Academia Open, 10(2), 10-21070. https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.10.2025.11863
Caterpillar Inc. (2021). Operation and Maintenance Manual. Caterpillar.
Corder, A. (1992). Maintenance Management Techniques. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Dhillon, B. S. (2002). Engineering Maintenance: A Modern Approach. CRC Press.
Duffuaa, S., Raouf, A., & Campbell, J. D. (2000). Planning and Control of Maintenance Systems. John Wiley & Sons.
Edwards, D., Harris, F., & Holt, G. (1998). Maintenance Management of Heavy Duty Construction Plant and Equipment. Chartridge Books Oxford.
Khan, A. U., Huang, L., Onstein, E., & Liu, Y. (2022). Overview of Emerging Technologies for Improving the Performance of Heavy-Duty Construction Machines. Ieee Access, 10, 103315-103336. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3209818
Komatsu Ltd. (2020). Operation and Maintenance Manual. Komatsu.
Manikandan, M., Adhiyaman, M., & Pazhani, K. C. (2018). A Study and Analysis of Construction Equipment Management Used in Construction Projects for Improving Productivity. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol, 5(3), 1297-1303. https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.11.12.2020.068
Mobley, R. K. (2002). An Introduction to Predictive Maintenance (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
Nakajima, S. (1988). Introduction to Total Productive Maintenance. Productivity Press.
Palomino-Valles, A., Tokumori-Wong, M., Castro-Rangel, P., Raymundo-Ibañez, C., & Dominguez, F. (2020, March). TPM Maintenance Management Model Focused on Reliability That Enables the Increase of the Availability of Heavy Equipment in the Construction Sector. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 796, No. 1, p. 012008). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/796/1/012008
Peurifoy, R. L., Schexnayder, C. J., & Shapira, A. (2018). Construction Planning, Equipment, and Methods (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Prabowo, H. A., Abdullah, M. Z., Ariyanti, S., Ab-Samat, H., Adesta, E. Y. T., & Sulaksono, A. S. (2026). The Effect of Condition-Based Maintenance on Heavy Equipment Performance in the Coal Mining Industry: The Moderating Roles of Operational Environmental Conditions and Human Resource Competency. Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri, 25(1), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.25077/josi.v25.n1.p191-215.2026
Rosdianto, A., Ilham, R., & Suharto, S. (2026). Implementation of Key Performance Indicators in Achieving Operational Performance of Heavy Equipment at PT ALDZAMA. Trending: Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi, 4(2), 149-158. https://doi.org/10.30640/trending.v4i2.6460
Ruiz, C., Castillo, T., & Paredes, M. (2020, July). Effects of Implementation of 5S in Heavy Equipment Maintenance Workshops. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (pp. 589-600). https://doi.org/10.24928/2020/0010
Saputra, B. A., Sari, D. N., & Khadijah, M. (2023). Preventive Maintenance of Mining Heavy Equipment in an Indonesian Coal Mining Contracting Company. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Industrial & Mechanical Engineering and Operations Management (pp. 26-27). https://doi.org/10.46254/BD05.20220188
Seeley, I. H. (1993). Building Maintenance. Macmillan Education.
Simatupang, T. M., & Sridharan, R. (2016). A Critical Analysis of Supply Chain Issues in Construction Heavy Equipment. International Journal of Construction Management, 16(4), 326-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2016.1142250
Suprapto, M. (2025). Preventive Maintenance Strategies to Increase Industrial Machine Life. Journal of Renewable Engineering, 2(2), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.62872/tg323p32
Wireman, T. (2005). Developing Performance Indicators for Managing Maintenance. Industrial Press.
