The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Anemia in Pregnant Women in the First Trimester at the Kedungwuni I Community Health Center in Pekalongan Regency
Keywords:
Anemia, Body Mass Index, Hemoglobin, Pregnant Women, Trimester I.Abstract
Anemia remains an important maternal health problem in Indonesia, particularly during pregnancy when physiological and nutritional demands increase. Maternal nutritional status, as reflected by Body Mass Index (BMI), may contribute to anemia because inadequate nutritional reserves can affect the availability of nutrients required for hemoglobin synthesis. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between BMI and anemia among first-trimester pregnant women at Kedungwuni I Community Health Center, Pekalongan Regency, in 2026. This empirical quantitative study employed a correlational approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 57 first-trimester pregnant women were selected using purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through anthropometric assessment to determine BMI and hemoglobin measurement to identify anemia status. Descriptive analysis was conducted to characterize BMI and anemia distribution, while the Chi-Square test was used to examine the relationship between the two variables at a 95% confidence level. The findings showed that 6 respondents (10.5%) were underweight, 16 (28.1%) had normal BMI, 12 (21.1%) were overweight, and 23 (40.4%) were obese. Anemia was identified in 7 respondents (12.3%), while 50 (87.7%) were not anemic. All underweight respondents experienced anemia, compared with 1 respondent (1.8%) in the normal BMI category. The Chi-Square test yielded p < 0.001, indicating a significant relationship between BMI and anemia. These findings support early BMI and hemoglobin screening as complementary components of antenatal care.
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