The Influence of Work Discipline, Non-Physical Work Environment, and Work Motivation on Teacher Performance at SMKN 1 Cikarang Pusat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65310/30pxeh61Keywords:
Non-Physical Work Environment, School Management, Teacher Performance, Work Discipline, Work Motivation.Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effects of work discipline, the non-physical work environment, and work motivation on teacher performance at SMKN 1 Cikarang Pusat. A quantitative survey involved all 62 teachers through saturated sampling. Primary data were obtained using five-point Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics 29. Instrument validity, reliability, and regression assumptions were also assessed. Partial regression results showed that work discipline was not statistically significant (B = −0.154; t = −1.062; p = 0.293), providing no support for H1. The non-physical work environment was positively associated with teacher performance (B = 0.588; t = 4.010; p < 0.001), supporting H2. Work motivation also demonstrated a significant positive association (B = 0.260; t = 2.535; p = 0.014), supporting H3. The simultaneous test indicated a significant joint relationship (F = 26.517; p < 0.001), supporting H4. The model explained 57.8% of performance variation (R² = 0.578; adjusted R² = 0.557). The non-physical work environment had the largest standardized coefficient (β = 0.603). These findings highlight professional relationships, supervisory communication, and motivation as relevant considerations for school management, without establishing causal effects. Interpretation remains limited by the single-school setting and observational survey design.
Downloads
References
Al-Zu’bi, M. A. A., Al-Mseidin, K. I. M., Yaakob, M. F. M., Fauzee, M. S. O., Mahmood, M. H. H., Sohri, N., Al-Mawadieh, R. S. M., & Senathirajah, A. R. B. S. (2024). The impact of the school educational environment on primary school teachers’ commitment to educational quality. Discover Sustainability, 5, Article 449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00633-4
Atiyyah, J., Hamdiah, Febriyanti, E., Serlly, S., Salfika, N. F., Ernanto, M. R., & Sales, R. N. R. (2024). Teacher performance analysis; Impact of principal leadership, work environment and work motivation. Indonesian Educational Administration and Leadership Journal (IDEAL), 6(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22437/ideal.v6i1.28150
Aytaç, A., Şahin, Ç., Görgülü, D., Dilber, Y., & Direk, A. (2024). The relationship between teachers’ zest for work and teaching motivation: The mediating role of achievement goals. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1362920. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1362920
Erdem, C., & Koçyiğit, M. (2025). The interplay among school climate, instructional quality and teacher job satisfaction: Mediation of teacher motivation. International Journal of Educational Development, 114, Article 103231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2025.103231
Erniati, Musdiani, & Sari, S. M. (2024). The influence of organizational climate and work motivation on the performance of basic education teachers. Indonesian Journal of Instructional Media and Model, 6(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.32585/ijimm.v6i1.5303
Farida, Pradiani, T., & Ruspitasari, W. D. (2025). The influence of non-physical work environment, discipline, and motivation on teacher performance in Deli Serdang. Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian, 4(12). https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v4i12.4650
Gunawan, D., Permana, A. S., & Mustariani, E. (2025). Pengaruh disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja guru SMK Bhakti Kencana Soreang. Journal of Innovation in Management, Accounting and Business, 4(2), 411–422. https://doi.org/10.56916/jimab.v4i2.1906
Habibi, A., Attar, R. W., Saudagar, F., Tomczyk, Ł., Hendra, R., & Alhazmi, A. H. (2025). Instructional leadership, self-efficacy, commitment and school climate on teachers’ job satisfaction and performance: Asian context. Asian Education and Development Studies, 14(5), 1002–1021. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-11-2024-0262
Herli, H., Danim, S., Kartiwi, A. P., & Khairi, A. (2026). Intrinsic motivation and school climate as predictors of teacher performance in rural Indonesian schools. International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 7(2), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v7i2.14580
Khairuddin, K., Purba, S., & Simaremare, A. (2024). Contribution of work discipline, motivation, work, and work environment to teacher performance. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 5(3), 1029–1046. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v5i3.1058
Li, L., Kanchanapoom, K., Deeprasert, J., Duan, N., & Qi, Z. (2025). Unveiling the factors shaping teacher job performance: Exploring the interplay of personality traits, perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. BMC Psychology, 13, Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02324-1
Lindström, M. P. (2026). Exploring the role of school climate, teacher workload, and job satisfaction in student achievement: Insights from PIRLS and TIMSS. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 38, 5–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-025-09476-7
Long, C., Li, C., Huang, G., & Fu, J. (2024). How to better promote teaching? Unveiling the links between professional learning communities and intrinsic motivation among foreign language teachers. Heliyon, 10(16), Article e36011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36011
Lubis, S. (2020). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja, disiplin kerja, dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Model Medan. EduTech: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial, 6(1), 17–25. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/edutech/article/view/4391
Muliani, N. N., Landra, N., & Aristana, I. N. (2025). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja, motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PUSPADI Bali. Jurnal Emas, 6(8), 1911–1927. https://doi.org/10.36733/emas.v6i8.12334
Nabilla, S. Z., Pebiyanti, D., Mutarusi, K., Puspita, A. D., Sekarini, R. A., & Puspita, D. (2026). Pengaruh motivasi, disiplin, dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada PT Bumi Sarana Semesta. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(4), 10246–10255. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4968
Nasar, I., Sarwan, Rahmi, W., Istifadah, Aziz, M. K. N. A., & Partono. (2025). Determinants of teacher motivation and performance: Individual characteristics, job, and organizational climate. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(1), 99–121. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v6i1.1635
Nurhayati, E. C., Efendi, B., & Wardani, U. A. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, disiplin kerja, motivasi kerja, lingkungan kerja, dan etos kerja terhadap kinerja guru SMA N 1 Mojotengah. Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen dan Perbankan Syariah, 2(6), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.32699/jamasy.v2i6.3959
Nursofah, & Muryani, S. (2025). The role of leadership, work climate, and motivation in enhancing teacher performance. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.21009/jmp.v16i1.54896
Octaviani, G., Fitria, H., & Puspita, Y. (2024). Effect of work environment and teacher’s motivation on teacher’s performance. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 5(2), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v5i2.785
Oeschger, T. P., Makarova, E., Raman, E., Hayes, B., & Döring, A. K. (2024). The interplay between teachers’ value-related educational goals and their value-related school climate over time. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 39, 3633–3660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-024-00849-y
Pratama, R. P., & Atmajawati, Y. (2024). Pengaruh disiplin kerja, lingkungan kerja, dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru di SDN Sidotopo 1/48 Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Manajemen, 13(2). https://jurnalmahasiswa.stiesia.ac.id/index.php/jirm/article/view/5782
Ramadhanty, F. A., & Susijawati, N. (2026). The Non-Physical Work Environment and Teacher Job Satisfaction as Pillars in Fostering Work Discipline Among Civil Servant Teachers at Public Junior High Schools in the City of Cirebon. Eduvest-Journal of Universal Studies, 6(6), 6831-6844. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v6i6.53016
Sariakin, S., Yeni, M., Usman, M. B., Mare, A. S., Munzir, M., & Saleh, M. (2025). Fostering a productive educational environment: The roles of leadership, management practices, and teacher motivation. Frontiers in Education, 10, Article 1499064. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1499064
Schwabsky, N., & Somech, A. (2025). Teachers’ perception of principals’ OCB in association with teachers’ performance outcomes. International Journal of Educational Management, 39(2), 433–449. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-12-2023-0607
Syukur, A., & Sani, A. (2026). The Influence of the Work Environment and Work Motivation on Teacher Performance in Senior High Schools, Junior High Schools, and Elementary Schools in Malimongan, Luwu Regency. Point of View Research Management, 7(1), 97-103. http://journal.accountingpointofview.id/index.php/POVREMA/article/view/407
Triyono, A., & Rahayu, T. (2025). The Influence of Education, Discipline and Motivation To Achievements of Teachers at SMKN 1 Seberida Indragiri Hulu Regency. In Proceeding International Conference on Economic and Social Sciences (Vol. 3, pp. 468-483). https://doi.org/10.5281/
Tsuraya, A. F., & Fernos, J. (2023). Pengaruh motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Padang. Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen, 2(2), 259–278. https://doi.org/10.55606/jupiman.v2i2.1654
Ulfah, M., Syahrudin, H., Thoharudin, M., Wardani, S. F., & Kholifah, N. (2024). Examining the role of family sociology, managerial support, and working conditions in determining teacher performance in Indonesia: The mediating role of motivation and professional development. Frontiers in Education, 9, Article 1413525. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1413525
Wang, Y. (2024). Exploring the impact of workload, organizational support, and work engagement on teachers’ psychological wellbeing: A structural equation modeling approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1345740. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1345740
Warningsih, S., & Purba, S. (2025). Analyzing the influence of school climate and work motivation on teacher performance in public high school 7 Binjai. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan, 39(1), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.21009/PIP.391.7
Wijayaningsih, R. (2025). The effect of motivation, discipline, and work environment on teachers’ performance through organizational commitment. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(6), 5809–5820. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i6.4492
