Technema: Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Computing
Technema: Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Computing is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to publishing high-quality scholarly work in the fields of engineering, computer science, and emerging technologies. The journal provides an international platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, and technology practitioners to disseminate original research articles, theoretical contributions, experimental studies, system designs, and applied innovations that address contemporary challenges in intelligent systems and digital transformation.
The Effect of Adding Lime And Rice Husk Ash on The Cbr Value of Expansive Soil in The Purwodadi Area, Grobogan Regency, Central Java
Expansive soil from Pulorejo Village, Purwodadi District, Grobogan Regency, Central Java, exhibits high plasticity and relatively low bearing capacity, requiring stabilization before use as pavement subgrade. This study evaluated the effects of lime, rice husk ash, and their combination at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% on soil plasticity, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Laboratory testing included Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor, and CBR tests. The natural soil had a Liquid Limit of 74.02%, Plastic Limit of 32.22%, Plasticity Index of 41.80%, and CBR of 5.8%. Stabilization reduced plasticity and modified compaction characteristics. Lime increased the maximum CBR to 17.2% at 10%, while rice husk ash increased it to 15.8% at 10%. The combined lime–rice husk ash treatment produced the highest CBR of 18.5% at the 10% variation. These results indicate that the combined stabilizer provided the most effective improvement in bearing performance and offers a technically promising approach for improving expansive subgrade soil while utilizing agricultural waste as a supplementary stabilization material. The findings support sustainable soil improvement strategies for road construction in areas characterized by highly plastic expansive soils.
California Bearing Ratio, expansive soil, lime, rice husk ash, soil stabilization
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Analysis of Flood Control on the Lusi River at the Dumpil Weir, Ngaringan Subdistrict, Grobogan Regency
Flooding along the Lusi River is an annual phenomenon that significantly impacts residential areas and agricultural land, necessitating appropriate management strategies. This study focuses on evaluating the flood control system on the Lusi River, specifically the Dumpil Dam infrastructure located in Ngaringan District, Grobogan Regency. The primary objective is to assess whether the current dam capacity is adequate to reduce the planned flood discharge. From a hydrological perspective, this study processed precipitation data over the past ten years using the Thiessen Polygon method to obtain the average regional rainfall. The frequency distribution was determined through a comparative study of the Gumbel, Log Normal, and Normal methods. Meanwhile, the planned flood discharge estimate was calculated using the empirical approach of Melchior, Haspers, and Weduwen. The research findings indicate that the total flow capacity of the Dumpil Dam reaches 1,979.84 m³/s, a combination of the main crest discharge (1,827.36 m³/s) and the drainage hole (152.48 m³/s). Compared to the 50-year return period (Q50) design flood load of 1,079.26 m³/second calculated using the Haspers method, the dam structure is categorized as SAFE. This is because the existing capacity is still much greater than the predicted flood discharge. As a preventative measure, regular sediment removal and maintenance of the floodgates are recommended to maintain the dam's stable performance in the future.
Hydrological Analysis, Dumpil Dam, Design Flood Discharge, Flood Mitigation, Lusi River.
Application of the Entropy Method and Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) to a Decision Support System for Determining Priorities in Air Pollution Mitigation Based on Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data at PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk. Bogor
This study aims to apply the Entropy and Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) methods within a web-based Decision Support System (DSS) to determine air pollution mitigation priorities based on ambient air quality monitoring data at PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk., Bogor. The research addresses the problem that available monitoring data have not been specifically processed into objective and measurable mitigation-priority information. Secondary data were organized into 12 alternatives representing combinations of two monitoring stations and observation periods from January to June, using seven criteria, namely ISPU PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂, HC, CO, and O₃. The Entropy method was employed to generate objective criterion weights based on data variation, while MAUT was used to calculate utility values and rank the alternatives. The weighting results identified ISPU PM2.5 as the most dominant criterion, with a weight of 0.231710871. The MAUT results ranked Site Kecamatan Cileungsi–March first with a utility value of 0.841307511, followed by Site Utama Indocement–February with 0.750091317 and Site Utama Indocement–June with 0.696256962. Sensitivity analysis using ±10% and ±20% changes in the dominant criterion weight showed that the ranking order remained unchanged, with a Spearman rank correlation of 1.000. The developed web-based system successfully presents the calculation process, ranking results, and supporting information in a structured manner, demonstrating that the Entropy–MAUT combination provides an objective and stable approach for supporting air pollution mitigation-priority decisions.
Ambient Air Quality, Decision Support System, Entropy, MAUT, Mitigation Priority.
Proposal for Improving the Production Process of CVT Slide Pieces Made from Pineapple Leaf Fiber Composites Using the Six Sigma Method
This study proposes improvements to the production process of CVT slide pieces made from pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced Polypropylene High Impact composites using the Six Sigma DMAIC framework. Production data from five simulation sessions covering 2,000 units were analyzed through Critical to Quality identification, a P control chart, Defects per Million Opportunities, sigma level, fishbone analysis, and 5W+1H. The results identified 353 defective units, equivalent to 17.7% of total production, with flash parting line as the dominant defect at 165 cases or 46.74%. The process remained statistically in control, with a center line of 0.177, but its capability was limited, as reflected by an average DPMO of 29,416.67 and a sigma level of 3.39. Root-cause analysis identified nine causes across machine, method, material, and man factors, mainly associated with the absence of standardized process-control documents. Six improvement documents were formulated, including machine and mold checklists, inspection procedures, material preparation standards, and parameter logs. The proposed controls are projected to reduce defects to 11.45% and increase the sigma level to 3.57. These measures provide a structured basis for sustainable manufacturing quality improvement.
CVT slide piece, DMAIC, pineapple leaf fiber composite, quality control, Six Sigma
Design of a Trello-Based Application Monitoring System for PT XYZ
The internship program through the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) policy provides students with opportunities to gain professional experience through direct involvement in an industrial environment. This study aims to analyze the existing mechanism for monitoring work requests and design a digital-based improvement monitoring system using Trello in the Internal Audit Department, particularly within the Document Control & System Integration section of PT XYZ, a manufacturing company that produces paints, coatings, adhesives, thinners, and supporting chemicals. The study employs a non-empirical approach through Information Engineering and System Design & Engineering, consisting of system condition identification, stakeholder identification, problem analysis, requirement formulation, and system design. The analysis was conducted using a Rich Picture, while functional requirements and process flows were modeled using Use Case Diagrams and Activity Diagrams involving the User, TMIS, and Document Control & System Integration. The design results indicate that the previous monitoring mechanism was still manual and fragmented, limiting work-status transparency, delaying information updates, and increasing dependence on physical documents. The proposed system represents each request as a card on a Trello board that can be moved through the Screening, Presented, and Implementation stages and equipped with progress information, comments, and completion evidence. This design provides a more structured, transparent, and integrated monitoring mechanism to support cross-divisional coordination and the digitalization of work processes at PT XYZ.
Digitalization, Document Control, Manufacturing, Monitoring System, Trello.
Development of a Web-Based Campus Facility Complaint Information System Prototype Using Rapid Application Development
Campus facility complaint management requires a structured mechanism for recording, monitoring, and tracing reported problems to support transparent service processes. This study developed a web-based Campus Facility Complaint Information System (SIPFAS) prototype using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method. The development process comprised requirement planning, user design, construction, and cutover and verification stages, with the prototype designed to support service information access, authentication, complaint submission, status monitoring, and complaint-detail retrieval. Evaluation focused on the public page, login interface, user dashboard, and complaint-detail page containing the status history of complaint PGD-002. Interface consistency verification showed that the dashboard summary was arithmetically consistent, with 3 complaints in Waiting status, 4 in In Process status, and 5 in Completed status, resulting in a total of 12 complaints. The PGD-002 identity was also traceable across the dashboard and complaint-detail interfaces. However, two inconsistencies were identified, namely a discrepancy between the complaint date of 19 August 2026 and the timeline submission timestamp of 20 August 2026 at 09:14, and a mismatch between the administrator-verification timestamp and its visual state. The prototype establishes a structured complaint-monitoring workflow, although data consistency, functional testing, authorization, backend persistence, and usability evaluation require further verification before full implementation.
Complaint Management, Monitoring, Prototype, Rapid Application Development, Web Application.
Design of a Web-Based SPMNB System Integrated with a Payment Gateway Using the Waterfall Method at SMPS Daarut Tasbih Ar-Rafi
The New Student Admission Selection (SPMB) process at SMPS Daarut Tasbih Ar-Rafi is still conducted manually, covering registration, submission of required documents, payment of registration fees, document verification, and dissemination of admission results. This condition creates fragmented administrative processes, increases the time required for data verification, and limits the effectiveness of information delivery to prospective students. This study aims to design and develop a web-based SPMB system integrated with a payment gateway to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and integration of the admission process. The study employed the Waterfall development method, consisting of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. System requirements were analyzed using the PIECES framework, while system modeling was performed using Unified Modeling Language (UML). The application was developed using Laravel 12, PHP, and MySQL, with integration of the Midtrans Payment Gateway, WhatsApp Notification Gateway, and Email Notification Gateway. The implemented system facilitates account registration, online registration forms, document uploading, document verification, online payment, applicant-data management, admission-result publication, and registration and payment reporting. Functional evaluation using Black Box Testing covered 12 test scenarios and achieved a 100% success rate, indicating that the tested system functions operated according to the specified requirements. The findings demonstrate that the proposed system provides an integrated digital platform for improving the accessibility, traceability, and efficiency of SPMB administration at SMPS Daarut Tasbih Ar-Rafi.
Laravel 12, Notification Gateway, Payment Gateway, SPMB, Waterfall.
Analysis and Structural Design of a 35-Meter-Span Steel Truss Roof System (Truss Frame)
Steel truss systems are widely applied in long-span buildings because their interconnected structural members provide efficient load transfer while enabling large column-free spaces. This study aims to analyze and compare the structural performance of a 35-meter-span steel truss roof system with roof slopes of 15° and 40°. The evaluation considers maximum compressive force, maximum tensile force, structural deflection, member capacity, critical connection capacity, and estimated design cost. Structural analysis was conducted using ETABS, with loading based on SNI 1727:2020 and steel member design based on SNI 1729:2020, while critical truss connections were evaluated using a Finite Element Method (FEM)-based analysis. The structure employs BJ37 steel with a yield strength of 240 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 370 MPa, together with ASTM A325 bolts. The 15° configuration produced a maximum compressive force of 245.613 kN, tensile force of 273.233 kN, and deflection of 43.661 mm, whereas the 40° configuration produced 248.547 kN, 196.852 kN, and 28.028 mm, respectively. Both alternatives satisfied the member-capacity and critical-connection requirements, with PPM Ratios below 1.00. The 40° configuration reduced maximum deflection by approximately 35.8%, while the 15° configuration achieved a lower design cost of Rp2,367,220,436.88 compared with Rp3,108,334,653.83 for the 40° configuration. The findings indicate that roof-slope selection requires balancing structural stiffness, force distribution, safety, and economic efficiency.
Bolted Connection, Deflection, ETABS, FEM, Steel Truss Structure.
Design and Development of Coffee Products to Enhance Customer Satisfaction Using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Method at Sudut Kota Coffee and Space
Competition in the café industry encourages businesses to develop coffee products that are aligned with customer needs and preferences. This study aims to design and develop a coffee product at Sudut Kota Coffee and Space by identifying customer requirements, determining improvement priorities, and selecting the most appropriate product concept. The study employed the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method through the development of a House of Quality (HoQ). Data were collected from 40 consumers using a Likert scale to assess the importance and satisfaction levels of eight customer requirement attributes. The results of the planning matrix showed that attractive packaging design was the highest-priority customer requirement, with a Normalized Raw Weight (NRW) of 0.173, followed by coffee flavor variation at 0.170 and affordable price at 0.163. The technical response analysis identified coffee type as the highest-priority technical characteristic, with a Normalized Contribution of 0.321, followed by packaging shape at 0.201 and packaging color at 0.114. Concept selection further indicated that Concept II was the preferred alternative, achieving a score of 3.28 compared with 3.00 for Concept IV. The selected concept integrates Arabica coffee, a brown stand-up pouch, brown roasting, 500-g packaging, color-based bean sorting, and fine grinding. These findings indicate that QFD can provide a systematic basis for translating customer needs into measurable technical specifications and a targeted coffee product design.
Customer Needs, Customer Satisfaction, House of Quality, Product Development, Quality Function Deployment.
Analysis of The Effect of The Number And Depth of Bored Pile Groups on The Settlement of Building Foundations in Soft Soil
This study investigates the influence of bored pile group size and pile depth on the settlement of building foundations constructed on soft soil in the Pakunden area, Semarang City. The analysis considered bored piles with a diameter of 0.8 m, spacing of 2.4 m, group configurations of 2 × 2, 3 × 3, and 4 × 4 piles, and depths of 10 m, 16 m, and 24 m. Elastic settlement was evaluated using the Vesic analytical method, while consolidation and total settlement were analyzed numerically using PLAXIS 2D V22 with the Hardening Soil Model. The results indicate a nonlinear relationship between pile number, pile depth, and settlement. The smallest numerical settlement was 0.04107 m for the 3 × 3 group at 10 m depth, whereas the largest was 0.17625 m for the 4 × 4 group at 24 m depth. Increasing pile number or depth did not consistently reduce settlement. Foundation performance was controlled by soil stratification, load distribution, pile-group interaction, and the extent of compressible soil mobilized under loading. These findings support integrated analytical and numerical evaluation for design.
Bored pile, Pile depth, Pile group, Settlement, Soft soil
Analysis of Clean Water Needs and Reservoir Storage Capacity in Jepara District (A Case Study of the Kalimati Reservoir, Jepara Regency)
Clean-water availability is essential for community activities, while population growth and socioeconomic development increase pressure on water-supply infrastructure. The Kalimati Reservoir in Jepara District has potential as a raw-water source, but its utilization remains constrained by inadequate storage planning and seasonal fluctuations in water availability. This study aims to determine projected clean-water demand and the reservoir storage capacity required to support reliable supply over a ten-year planning period. An empirical quantitative approach was applied using population data from 2020–2024, domestic and non-domestic water-consumption data, and Kaliwiso River discharge data. Population growth was projected using the geometric method, while water demand was calculated based on domestic, public-tap, non-domestic, and distribution-loss components, followed by maximum daily, peak-hour, and Q80% dependable-flow analyses. The projected population in 2034 reaches 109,714 inhabitants, generating a clean-water requirement of 125.60 L/s, maximum daily demand of 150.72 L/s, and peak-hour demand of 200.96 L/s. A reservoir capacity of 2,604.40 m³ with a planned depth of 3 m requires a footprint of 868.13 m². The available 15,893.22 m² site area is adequate for the reservoir and supporting facilities, with an estimated construction cost of IDR 2,492,850,400. The results indicate that the proposed storage capacity can provide a preliminary buffer against seasonal reductions in raw-water availability and support continuity of the planned supply system. These findings provide an engineering basis for integrated and sustainable clean-water development using the Kalimati Reservoir.
Clean-Water Demand, Population Projection, Reservoir, Small Dam, Storage Capacity.
Information System for Monitoring the Progress of Clean Water Pipeline Installation Projects Using A Web-Based Dashboard and the Prototype Model Method at PT Bestindo Putra Mandiri
Project progress monitoring at PT Bestindo Putra Mandiri previously relied on Microsoft Excel, photographic documentation, and report submission through communication media, resulting in fragmented data management, delayed information retrieval, and inefficient progress recapitulation. This study aimed to develop a web-based information system for monitoring the progress of clean water pipeline installation projects using a dashboard and the Prototype Model at PT Bestindo Putra Mandiri. The study employed an empirical system-development design involving direct user interaction and functional evaluation of the developed application. System requirements were identified through observation and user interaction, followed by iterative development consisting of requirement identification, prototype design, prototype development, user evaluation, refinement, and implementation of the finalized system. The developed system integrates project data, work progress, project locations, field documentation, verification status, targets, realization, and reporting into a centralized web-based environment. The dashboard presents project completion percentages, progress status, target and realization information, and graphical representations to support monitoring by SPV Trunk Main/SPV Infill, Construction Manager, and Project Manager. Functional evaluation was conducted using Black Box Testing by examining authentication, project management, progress recording, documentation, verification, dashboard visualization, status information, and reporting functions. The testing results showed that the tested functions generated outputs consistent with their expected behavior. The system provides an integrated monitoring environment that improves information accessibility and supports structured project progress monitoring and managerial evaluation.
Black Box Testing, Dashboard, Information System, Project Monitoring, Prototype Model.
An Experimental Study on the Use of Teak Wood Ash and Bengawan Solo Sand as Filler Additives in Asphalt Concrete – Wearing Course (AC-WC)
Asphalt Concrete–Wearing Course (AC-WC) is the surface layer of flexible pavement that directly receives traffic loads and is exposed to environmental conditions. This study investigated Bengawan Solo sand as a partial aggregate substitution and teak wood sawdust ash as a filler in AC-WC mixtures. The study aimed to evaluate their effects on Marshall characteristics and determine the optimum combination based on the 2025 Bina Marga General Specifications. An experimental laboratory method was employed using 60/70 penetration grade asphalt, aggregates conforming to the specifications, Bengawan Solo sand substitution levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%, and teak wood sawdust ash contents of 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2%. Marshall testing was conducted to determine stability, flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), Void in the Mix (VIM), Void in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), and Void Filled with Asphalt (VFA). The results showed that the 2% Bengawan Solo sand substitution group consistently satisfied the specified Marshall requirements. The optimum mixture was P2A0.4, consisting of 2% Bengawan Solo sand substitution and 0.4% teak wood sawdust ash, with VIM of 4.42%, VMA of 22.26%, VFA of 80.14%, stability of 850.80 kg, flow of 2.62 mm, and MQ of 323.50 kg/mm. The highest stability value of 965.34 kg was obtained from P2A1.2, while the lowest value of 818.08 kg occurred at P3A0.4, with both values remaining above the minimum stability requirement of 800 kg. These results indicate that Bengawan Solo sand substitution and teak wood sawdust ash addition can provide favorable Marshall characteristics when their proportions are appropriately controlled, with P2A0.4 demonstrating the most balanced overall performance among the investigated mixtures.
Asphalt Concrete–Wearing Course (AC-WC), Bengawan Solo Sand, Filler, Marshall Test, Teak Wood Sawdust Ash.
Analysis of Replacing High-Volume Fill Material on A Ramp With Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) Geofoam on Soft Soil
Bridge approach embankments constructed on soft soil are susceptible to excessive settlement and instability due to the low strength and bearing capacity of the foundation soil. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Geofoam as an alternative to conventional soil-fill embankments in terms of settlement, differential settlement, stability, and consolidation time. Analytical calculations and numerical modeling using PLAXIS 2D were conducted based on soil parameters obtained from the Terboyo Kulon site, Genuk District. The results show that the EPS embankment produced a vertical settlement of 0.31 m, compared with 0.71 m for the conventional soil-fill embankment. Differential settlement was reduced from 0.37 m for the soil-fill embankment to 0.18 m for the EPS embankment, representing a reduction of approximately 51%. The EPS configuration also produced a safety factor of 3.77, considerably higher than the 1.52 obtained for the conventional soil-fill embankment. Furthermore, the EPS embankment reached 90% consolidation within approximately 9.5 years, whereas the conventional soil-fill embankment required 68.49 years. The use of EPS Geofoam therefore provides a lightweight embankment solution that can improve the overall performance of bridge approaches constructed on soft soil. These findings indicate that EPS Geofoam can effectively reduce settlement and differential deformation while improving embankment stability and accelerating the consolidation process on soft foundation soil.
Bridge Approach Embankment, Consolidation, EPS Geofoam, PLAXIS 2D, Settlement.
Analysis of Road Pavement Conditions Using the Surface Distress Index (SDI) and International Roughness Index (IRI) Methods Based on the RoadLab Application on the Gunungwungkal–Sumberrejo Road Section, Pati, STA 0+000–3+000
Good pavement conditions are essential for supporting safe and efficient transportation activities on the road. The Gunungwungkal–Sumberrejo road in Pati Regency has experienced various types of pavement distress that may reduce road serviceability and driving comfort. This study aims to evaluate pavement conditions using the Surface Distress Index (SDI) and International Roughness Index (IRI) methods, assess the relationship between the two indicators, and determine appropriate maintenance treatments. The study was conducted along the Gunungwungkal–Sumberrejo road from STA 0+000 to STA 3+000, divided into 30 segments of 100 m each. SDI data were obtained through visual field observations, while IRI data were measured using the RoadLab application. The results showed an average SDI value of 200.83, classified as heavily damaged, although 67% of segments were categorized as good. The average IRI value was 6.1523 m/km, with 47% of segments classified as fair and no segments classified as heavily damaged. The correlation coefficient between SDI and IRI was 0.355, indicating a weak positive relationship. The integrated assessment resulted in a good pavement condition, with recommended treatments consisting of 20% routine maintenance, 37% periodic maintenance, 20% rehabilitation, and 23% reconstruction. The findings also indicate that pavement deterioration was distributed unevenly along the road section, emphasizing the importance of segment-level evaluation in determining maintenance priorities. Therefore, the combination of SDI and IRI can support more targeted and effective pavement management decisions.
IRI, Pavement Condition, Road Maintenance, RoadLab, SDI.
Implementation of the Indobert Model for Named Entity Recognition in Public Complaint Texts from the City of Semarang
Public complaint management in public services continues to face challenges because complaint data are generally presented as unstructured text containing informal language, abbreviations, and Indonesian-Javanese code-mixing. These characteristics complicate the identification of essential information and the determination of appropriate destination agencies when complaints are processed manually. This study aims to analyze the capability of the IndoBERT model for Named Entity Recognition (NER) in extracting relevant entities from public complaint texts in Semarang City to support complaint routing. A quantitative experimental approach was employed through complaint data collection, BIO-scheme annotation, text preprocessing, IndoBERT fine-tuning, and model evaluation using Precision, Recall, and F1-Score. The dataset consisted of 1,066 complaint sentences containing four target entities: service, location, problem category, and time. Strict-chunk evaluation using seqeval showed that the best IndoBERT checkpoint, obtained at Epoch 3, achieved a Macro F1-Score of 0.62, with the highest performance for LAYANAN (F1=0.68) and the lowest for LOKASI (F1=0.56). Error analysis further indicated that entity-boundary shifts, category ambiguity, and lexical variation in local and informal expressions remained important factors affecting recognition performance. The findings demonstrate that IndoBERT can transform heterogeneous complaint narratives into structured entity information and provide a foundation for improving the efficiency of public complaint management and routing within smart governance systems.
IndoBERT, Named Entity Recognition, Public Complaints, Semarang City, Smart Governance.
The Application of Supply Chain Management Concepts to Improve Business Process Efficiency and Data Quality in Financial Reports
Konveksi Puji 25 is a garment manufacturing business facing challenges in supply chain management and financial recording, including suboptimal supplier selection, unstructured raw-material inventory management, and manual financial reporting. These conditions contribute to production delays, operational data inaccuracies, and inefficient business processes. This study aims to design an integrated system based on Supply Chain Management (SCM) concepts to improve business-process efficiency and data quality in financial reports at Konveksi Puji 25. An empirical qualitative case-study approach was employed through direct observation, interviews with the business owner and employees, and documentation of procurement, inventory, production, sales, purchasing, and financial-recording activities. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to evaluate suppliers based on quality, delivery, price, and warranty and customer service criteria, while System Design and Engineering was used to develop the system architecture through a Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD), and Conceptual Design. A VBA-based financial reporting system was developed in Microsoft Excel to integrate transaction recording, inventory, accounts payable and receivable, journals, ledgers, and financial statements. The AHP results identified Supplier 2 as the preferred supplier with a priority value of 52.7%, compared with 47.3% for Supplier 1. The integrated system provides a structured mechanism for improving operational data management, financial reporting, and decision-making. The study demonstrates the practical potential of integrating SCM, AHP, system design, and VBA technology to support more efficient and data-driven business processes in SMEs.
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Business Process Efficiency, Financial Reports, Supply Chain Management, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).
DeepTrafic: Implementing Deep Learning for Emergency Vehicle Detection and Traffic Light Timing Optimization
Traffic congestion at urban intersections can significantly reduce transportation efficiency and obstruct emergency vehicles that require rapid access to critical locations. This study proposes DeepTraffic, an integrated deep-learning-based traffic-control system designed to detect vehicles, classify traffic density, identify emergency vehicles, and optimize traffic-light timing in real time. An empirical experimental system-development approach was employed by integrating Camera/CCTV, an emergency sensor, YOLO-based vehicle detection, vehicle classification and counting, traffic-density estimation, an emergency-priority decision algorithm, and a Raspberry Pi controller connected to traffic-light hardware. Traffic conditions were classified into five categories based on detected vehicle density, namely empty, normal, busy, congested, and highly congested, with adaptive green-light durations assigned according to the corresponding traffic state. Emergency vehicles, including ambulances, fire engines, and police vehicles, were assigned priority conditions that activate the corresponding green phase to facilitate rapid intersection passage. System evaluation was designed to assess vehicle-detection performance using precision, recall, F1-score, mAP@0.5, and frames per second, while traffic-density classification and signal-control performance were evaluated through classification accuracy and signal-duration execution. Emergency-priority performance was assessed through activation rate, response time, waiting-time reduction, and queue-length reduction. The proposed framework integrates real-time computer vision with adaptive signal control and emergency prioritization, providing a reproducible foundation for intelligent traffic management and future smart-city transportation applications.
Adaptive Traffic Control, Deep Learning, Emergency Vehicle Detection, Intelligent Transportation System, YOLO.
Analysis of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) with the Addition of Bodri River Sand and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) for Road Pavements
Road pavement in Indonesia commonly uses Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) as the surface layer, which plays an important role in providing traffic comfort and pavement performance. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of AC-WC mixtures modified with Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and Bodri River sand and to determine the optimum mixture based on Marshall parameters. The use of these locally available materials is expected to contribute to the development of alternative asphalt mixture compositions while supporting the utilization of local resources. An experimental method was employed through laboratory specimen preparation and Marshall testing. The specimens were prepared using variations of SBR content of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% and Bodri River sand content of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%. Marshall testing was conducted to determine VMA, VIM, VFB, stability, flow, and Marshall Quotient values. Based on the test results, the best Job Mix Design was obtained from the mixture containing 3% Bodri River sand and 4% SBR (P3S4). This mixture produced VMA of 19.33%, VIM of 3.53%, VFB of 81.73%, stability of 1,119.14 kg, flow of 3.00 mm, and Marshall Quotient of 364.32 kg/mm. The results indicate that the P3S4 mixture satisfied the specified Marshall requirements and provided favorable volumetric and mechanical characteristics. Therefore, the combination of 3% Bodri River sand and 4% SBR can be considered a suitable mixture variation for AC-WC pavement applications based on the results of this study.
Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course, Bodri River Sand, Marshall, Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Pavement.
Development of A Chair and Table to Support the Telbowmes Elbow Therapy Device
Stroke is a non-communicable disease that frequently causes motor impairments, particularly in the arm and elbow, requiring continuous rehabilitation to restore functional movement. Telbowmes is an elbow therapy device designed to support controlled joint-movement exercises; however, its use requires an ergonomic supporting chair and table that accommodate users’ anthropometric characteristics. This study aimed to design and develop an ergonomic, safe, and economically feasible supporting chair and table for the Telbowmes elbow therapy device. The research involved anthropometric data collection followed by adequacy, normality, and uniformity tests, percentile determination, product design, manufacturing analysis, and production-cost evaluation. The results produced an adjustable table-surface height of 60.33–86.07 cm, a table length of 45.6 cm, a table width of 80.1 cm, a chair backrest height of 87.6 cm, and a seat dimension of 66.5 cm. The design integrates anthropometric considerations with structural stability, adjustable mechanisms, safety features, manufacturing requirements, and economic analysis. The manufacturing analysis also established a structured relationship among materials, components, production operations, and assembly activities. The estimated production cost was IDR 3,300,000 per unit, with an estimated selling price of IDR 3,960,000. The developed design provides an integrated ergonomic support system intended to improve user comfort, safety, and compatibility during elbow rehabilitation.
Anthropometry, Elbow Therapy Device, Ergonomic Product Design, Product Development, Telbowmes.
Redesign of Work Chairs and Tables to Reduce Musculoskeletal Disorders and Motion Waste at CV Barokah Gemilang Sejahtera
CV Barokah Gemilang Sejahtera (BGS) is a garment industry producing ready-to-wear clothing. Observations and Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaires involving 14 sewing operators identified musculoskeletal complaints in the upper neck (82%), lower neck (84%), and back (91%). Operators also experienced motion waste caused by searching for sewing tools that were not systematically organized. This study aimed to redesign ergonomic work facilities to reduce Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) risk and motion waste. The research employed NBM to identify MSD complaints, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to evaluate working posture, anthropometry to determine workstation dimensions, and the Right-Hand–Left-Hand Process Chart (PTKTK) to analyze inefficient movements. Data were collected through observations, interviews, anthropometric measurements, questionnaires, and work-activity documentation. RULA assessment produced a final score of 7, indicating a very high postural risk requiring immediate improvement. PTKTK analysis showed motion waste associated with sewing-tool searching, with work efficiency of 70.21% before improvement. The proposed redesign consisted of an adjustable chair with a height range of 68.9–80.3 cm and an adjustable table with a height range of 72.6–90.2 cm, complemented by a partitioned drawer. The proposed design projected a cycle-time reduction from 47 to 29 seconds and efficiency improvement to 82.75%, supporting improved posture, reduced MSD risk, and minimized motion waste.
Anthropometry, Ergonomics, Motion Waste, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA).
Mechanical Properties Analysis of Concrete Using Grouting Cement and Wood Charcoal as Cement Substitutes
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in infrastructure development, yet the extensive use of Portland cement contributes substantially to carbon dioxide emissions from cement production. This study investigates grouting cement and wood charcoal as partial cement substitutes in K-300 concrete to reduce conventional cement consumption while utilizing wood-derived waste. An experimental study was conducted at the Material Mechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, using substitution levels of 0%, 5% (2.5% grouting cement and 2.5% wood charcoal), and 10% (7.5% grouting cement and 2.5% wood charcoal). Cylindrical specimens measuring 150 × 300 mm were used for compressive and splitting tensile tests, while 600 × 150 × 150 mm beams were used for flexural testing at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the 5% substitution provided the best mechanical performance at 28 days, achieving an average compressive strength of 19.398 MPa, an 18.26% increase over normal concrete, splitting tensile strength of 2.900 MPa, a 45.73% increase, and flexural strength of 3.029 MPa, a 3.73% increase. The 10% substitution reduced mechanical performance, indicating that excessive carbonaceous material may hinder effective cementitious matrix development. The findings identify 5% substitution as the most favorable composition under the investigated conditions. The results provide an empirical basis for optimizing alternative cementitious materials while maintaining acceptable fresh-concrete workability and mechanical performance.
Concrete Compressive Strength, Concrete Flexural Strength, Concrete Splitting Tensile Strength, Grouting Cement, Wood Charcoal.
Analysis of Maintenance for The Model 317 Tray Unloader Using The Preventive Maintenance Method at PT. Madukoro Engineering
This study analyzes the implementation of preventive maintenance on the Model 317 Tray Unloader at PT. Madukoro Engineering, Semarang. The machine performs an essential material transfer function by moving cigarettes from trays toward the packaging process, making equipment reliability important for production continuity. A qualitative descriptive method was applied through direct observation, interviews with the Head of the Primary Division and electrical technicians, and examination of internal maintenance documents. The analysis focused on maintenance schedules, machine components, recurring failures, maintenance practices, and operational problems. The results indicate that preventive maintenance is implemented through daily, weekly, monthly, and annual activities involving inspection, cleaning, lubrication, electrical checking, and component replacement. Several problems were identified, including sensor malfunction caused by cigarette dust, gripper obstruction due to inadequate lubrication, excessive conveyor motor temperature, and tray frame deformation caused by improper loading. Maintenance effectiveness is also constrained by inconsistent documentation, delayed spare-part availability, and limited technical resources. Improvements are recommended through digital maintenance records, routine technical training, critical spare-part control, sensor monitoring, and stronger operational supervision to reduce unexpected downtime and improve machine reliability.
Preventive Maintenance, Tray Unloader, Machine Maintenance, Manufacturing, Downtime Reduction
Design of A Web-Based Marketing Data Information System to Improve Product Marketing Efficiency at CV San Amerta Romoro
Effective marketing activities require centralized, structured, accurate, and accessible information. CV San Amerta Romora previously managed government institution data, vendor information, product data, Inaproc links, company profiles, and brochures through separate files and storage media, creating difficulties in data retrieval, updating, and information consistency. This study aimed to design a web-based marketing data information system to improve the efficiency of internal marketing information management. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and literature review, while the existing system was analyzed using the PIECES framework. System requirements were modeled using Unified Modeling Language, including Use Case, Activity, Sequence, and Class Diagrams. The system was implemented using Laravel, Filament, and Fortify, with role-based access for Admin and User/Sales. The proposed system integrates marketing data, document management, requests, and notifications within a centralized portal. Black Box Testing was conducted on authentication, data access, data management, request processing, notifications, and access control functions. The testing involved 19 functional scenarios, and all scenarios produced results consistent with the expected outputs. The system provides a structured platform for improving marketing data accessibility, retrieval efficiency, data control, and internal information management at CV San Amerta Romora.
Marketing Information System, Web-Based System, Marketing Data, PIECES, Inaproc
Occupational Safety Analysis of Coal Hauling Activities Using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Method at PT Lematang Coal Lestari
Coal hauling is a critical stage of mining operations with potential accident risks arising from heavy-equipment interaction, haul-road conditions, human factors, and the work environment. This study aims to analyze occupational safety in coal hauling activities using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method at PT Lematang Coal Lestari (LCL). An empirical descriptive-qualitative research design was employed, with data collected through field observations, interviews with operators, supervisors, and SHE personnel, and company documentation. The analysis involved mapping work stages, identifying potential hazards, assessing risk levels based on likelihood and severity, evaluating existing controls, and formulating additional control measures. The findings indicate that hazards were identified in the pre-start inspection, loading, hauling, dumping, and return stages, including vehicle collisions, vehicle rollover, slippery roads, dust, blind spots, excessive speed, and non-compliance with safety procedures. Existing controls include PPE use, daily inspections, toolbox meetings, haul-road maintenance, speed regulation, radio communication, safety signage, and field supervision. The findings demonstrate that JSA provides a structured framework for linking task-specific hazards with operational control measures. Consistent implementation of these controls and periodic JSA updates are required to maintain operational safety and strengthen risk management in coal hauling activities. Continuous monitoring of road conditions and worker compliance is also necessary to address changing operational risks.
Coal Hauling, Hazard Identification, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Occupational Safety, Risk Control.
Analysis of Potential Hazards in the Mining Area of PT Cakrawala Prima Manunggal Using the Hira Method
Mining activities involve various potential hazards that may cause occupational accidents, requiring systematic efforts to identify, assess, and control workplace risks. This study aims to identify potential hazards, analyze risk levels, and formulate risk control recommendations in the mining production area of PT Cakrawala Prima Manunggal. The study employed the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) method through field observations, interviews, documentation, and literature review. Hazard identification was conducted across six operational areas, namely the workshop, parking area, front loading, main road hauling, disposal dumping, and stock ROM. Risk assessment was performed by evaluating likelihood and severity using the AS/NZS 4360 risk matrix. The results identified 17 potential hazards, consisting of 10 high-risk hazards (59%), 6 medium-risk hazards (35%), and 1 low-risk hazard (6%). High-risk hazards were primarily associated with road conditions, equipment maneuvering areas, safety berms, dust exposure, inadequate illumination, and disposal-area conditions. Recommended controls include the proper use of personal protective equipment, installation of safety signs and barriers, improvement of road and workplace conditions, dust suppression through water spraying, workplace organization, strengthened supervision, and continuous safety education and implementation of occupational safety and health procedures. These findings provide a systematic basis for prioritizing preventive interventions and strengthening occupational risk management in mining operations.
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA), Occupational Safety and Health, Potential Hazards, Risk Assessment, Risk Control.
Implementation of the Internet of Things for Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Environmental Conditions
The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) enables environmental conditions to be monitored and controlled in real time through the integration of sensors, microcontrollers, wireless communication, monitoring interfaces, and actuators. This study aims to implement an IoT-based system for real-time environmental monitoring and automatic control based on measured environmental conditions, particularly temperature and humidity. The developed system integrates DHT11, MQ-2, and MQ-6 sensors with Arduino Uno R3, NodeMCU ESP8266, wireless communication, a monitoring dashboard, and relay-controlled actuators. Sensor measurements are processed and transmitted to the monitoring system, while predefined temperature thresholds are used to determine actuator activation. Experimental evaluation was conducted through sensor accuracy, communication reliability, monitoring, and automatic control tests. The results showed average temperature and humidity measurement errors of 0.78% and 1.46%, respectively, indicating relatively small deviations from reference measurements under the tested conditions. Communication testing achieved a 100% success rate for 100 transmitted packets with no packet loss, while the average communication delay was 412 ms. Automatic control testing achieved 100% success across 10 trials using a 30 °C temperature threshold. These findings demonstrate that the integrated IoT architecture can support responsive environmental monitoring and automated control within the tested operating conditions.
Internet of Things, Environmental Monitoring, Real-Time Monitoring, Temperature and Humidity, Automatic Control.
Analysis of Customer Satisfaction and Priorities for Improving the Marketing Mix Using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) Method and Potential Gain in Customer Value at Clauza Carwash
Competition in the vehicle-washing service industry requires businesses to continuously improve service quality to meet customer expectations. Clauza Carwash faces several customer concerns related to its marketing-mix attributes, which may affect customer retention and business competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the importance and performance of marketing-mix attributes and determine improvement priorities using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and Potential Gain in Customer Value (PGCV) methods. A quantitative approach was employed involving 100 respondents who completed a questionnaire covering 32 attributes based on the 7P marketing mix. Customer perceptions of service performance were assessed by comparing the importance and actual performance of each attribute. The IPA results identified 11 attributes as the main improvement priorities, particularly those related to product quality, price competitiveness, location visibility, employee performance, and service processes. The PGCV analysis further indicated that employee skills represented the highest improvement priority, with a PGCV value of 7.30, followed by price competitiveness, location visibility, material quality, and vehicle-shine performance. These findings indicate that the integration of IPA and PGCV can provide an objective basis for prioritizing service improvements according to customer perceptions. The results can support Clauza Carwash in developing targeted strategies to improve service quality, customer satisfaction, and competitive performance
Customer Satisfaction, Importance-Performance Analysis, Marketing Mix 7P, Potential Gain in Customer Value, Service Quality.
Implementation of SHAP in Ensemble Learning for Interpreting Audit Risk Classification: A Preliminary Study Using a Public Audit Dataset
Ensemble learning models can achieve strong predictive performance on structured audit-risk data, yet their complex decision logic can limit transparency and technical accountability. This study develops a proof-of-concept Explainable Artificial Intelligence pipeline using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to interpret Random Forest and XGBoost classifiers on the public UCI Audit Data. The experiment processed 776 observations and 27 columns, with one missing value in Money_Value imputed using the median of 0.09 and the non-numeric LOCATION_ID removed, resulting in 25 predictors and one binary target. A stratified 80:20 split with random_state = 42 produced 620 training observations and 156 test observations, with Random Forest achieving 1.0000 across accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC, while XGBoost achieved 0.9936 accuracy, 1.0000 precision, 0.9836 recall, 0.9917 F1-score, and 1.0000 ROC-AUC. SHAP analysis identified Audit_Risk as the dominant global predictor, while its contribution to a representative at-risk prediction reached +5.82, shifting the raw model margin from −0.506 to 5.107 and yielding an estimated probability of approximately 0.994. However, because the dataset's target construction is closely associated with the Audit Risk Score, retaining Audit_Risk as a predictor introduces potential structural target leakage. The findings position the near-perfect performance as evidence of successful pipeline implementation and model interpretability rather than external generalization, supporting future leakage-controlled ablation, cross-validation, and external-data validation.
Audit Risk, Ensemble Learning, Explainable AI, SHAP, XAI.
The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Software Implementation and System Quality on Service Quality at Oriskin Clinics (A Case Study of Three Oriskin Clinic Branches)
The digital transformation of healthcare service organizations requires integrated information systems capable of improving operational efficiency, data accuracy, and service quality. This study examined the effects of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software implementation and system quality on service quality at three Oriskin Clinic branches located in Sentul, Karawang, and West Jakarta. An empirical quantitative design with an explanatory approach was employed. The study involved all 86 employees using the ERP system through a saturated sampling technique. Primary data were collected using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, t-test, and F-test with IBM SPSS Statistics version 27. The results indicate that ERP software implementation has a positive and significant effect on service quality (β = 0.535, p = 0.001), while system quality also exerts a positive and significant effect (β = 0.409, p = 0.001). Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence service quality (F = 1841.430, p = 0.001) and explain 97.8% of its variance (R² = 0.978). These findings demonstrate that effective ERP implementation supported by high system quality substantially enhances operational performance and healthcare service quality in digitally integrated clinical environments.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Healthcare Service Quality, Multiple Linear Regression, System Quality, Web-Based Clinic.